Economy (GDP)
- Nominal GDP (current US$, 2024): $3.91 trillion. (World Bank)
- The IMF’s World Economic Outlook (Apr 2025), India’s GDP (current prices) for calendar-year 2025 is $4.19 trillion. For 2024, the same IMF series shows $3.91 trillion.
- GDP (PPP, current international $, 2024): ~$16.19 trillion. (World Bank)
Population & Area
- Population (2024, mid-year estimate): ~1.451 billion. (World Bank) Open Data
- Area: 3,287,469 km² (official). (MoSPI)
Domestic Market Size
- Final consumption expenditure (current US$, 2024): $2.80 trillion. (World Bank indicator NE.CON.TOTL.CD). (World Bank)
India in World Trade (merchandise)
- Share of world exports (2023): 1.8% (rank 17).
Share of world imports (2023): 2.8% (rank 8).
(WTO Global Trade Outlook & Statistics 2024, Appendix Table 1) (WTO)
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- FDI inflows, calendar year 2024: $27.6 billion (rank 15th globally; UNCTAD methodology, balance-of-payments basis). (UNCTAD)
- Total FDI inflow, India FY 2024–25 (provisional, DPIIT definition): $81.04 billion. (Government of India — includes equity, reinvested earnings, etc.; not directly comparable to UNCTAD’s calendar-year BOP figure.) (UNCTAD)
Mineral Wealth (selected official inventories)
- Coal – total geological resources (as on 1 Apr 2023): 378.21 billion tonnes.
- Iron ore – total resources: Hematite ~22.49 Bt; Magnetite ~10.79 Bt (total ~33.28 Bt).
- Bauxite – total resources (as on 1 Apr 2020, latest consolidated IBM): ~4,958 million tonnes.
- Rare-earth–bearing monazite (beach/inland placers): ~13.15 million tonnes monazite containing ~7.23 million tonnes REO (latest statement to Parliament).
- Lithium (inferred, G3) — Salal-Haimna, Reasi, J&K: ~5.9 million tonnes (preliminary exploration; further work ongoing).
Oil & Gas Wealth
- Recoverable crude oil reserves: ~651.8 million metric tonnes; recoverable natural gas reserves: ~1,138.6 billion cubic metres.
- (For long-run global comparisons, the Energy Institute’s Statistical Review is the standard reference for “proved reserves” by country.)
Defence (structure & public finance)
- Services: Indian Army, Indian Navy, Indian Air Force (Indian Coast Guard under MoD; Border/central police forces under MHA).
- Union defence budget (BE) 2025–26: ₹6.81 lakh crore (~1.9% of GDP; PRS analysis of Union Budget).
Long-run Demographics (to 2100)
- UN World Population Prospects 2024 projects India’s population peaking around the early-2060s (~1.70 billion) and then easing to ~1.5 billion by 2100 (median variant). (World Population Dashboard)