| 1 | Shri Krishna Singh | Indian National Congress | 02.04.1946 | 31.01.1961 |
| 2 | Shri Deep Narayan Singh | Indian National Congress | 01.02.1961 | 18.02.1961 |
| 3 | Shri Binodanand Jha | Indian National Congress | 18.02.1961 | 02.10.1963 |
| 4 | Shri Krishna Ballabh Sahay | Indian National Congress | 02.10.1963 | 05.03.1967 |
| 5 | Shri Mahamaya Prasad Sinha | Jana Kranti Dal | 05.03.1967 | 28.01.1968 |
| 6 | Shri Satish Prasad Singh | Indian National Congress | 28.01.1968 | 01.02.1968 |
| 7 | Shri B. P. Mandal | Indian National Congress | 01.02.1968 | 22.03.1968 |
| 8 | Shri Bhola Paswan Shastri | Indian National Congress | 22.03.1968 | 29.06.1968 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 29.06.1968 | 26.02.1969 |
| 9 | Shri Harihar Singh | Indian National Congress | 26.02.1969 | 22.06.1969 |
| 10 | Shri Bhola Paswan Shastri (2nd Term) | Indian National Congress | 22.06.1969 | 04.07.1969 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 06.07.1969 | 16.02.1970 |
| 11 | Shri Daroga Prasad Rai | Indian National Congress | 16.02.1970 | 22.12.1970 |
| 12 | Shri Karpoori Thakur | Samyukta Socialist Party | 22.12.1970 | 02.06.1971 |
| 13 | Shri Bhola Paswan Shastri (3rd Term) | Indian National Congress | 02.06.1971 | 09.01.1972 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 09.01.1972 | 19.03.1972 |
| 14 | Shri Kedar Pandey | Indian National Congress | 19.03.1972 | 02.07.1973 |
| 15 | Shri Abdul Ghafoor | Indian National Congress | 02.07.1973 | 11.04.1975 |
| 16 | Dr. Jagannath Mishra | Indian National Congress | 11.04.1975 | 30.04.1977 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 30.04.1977 | 24.06.1977 |
| 17 | Shri Karpoori Thakur (2nd Term) | Janata Party | 24.06.1977 | 21.04.1979 |
| 18 | Shri Ram Sundar Das | Janata Party | 21.04.1979 | 17.02.1980 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 17.02.1980 | 08.06.1980 |
| 19 | Dr. Jagannath Mishra (2nd Term) | Indian National Congress (I) | 08.06.1980 | 14.08.1983 |
| 20 | Shri Chandrashekhar Singh | Indian National Congress | 14.08.1983 | 12.03.1985 |
| 21 | Shri Bindeshwari Dubey | Indian National Congress | 12.03.1985 | 13.02.1988 |
| 22 | Shri Bhagwat Jha Azad | Indian National Congress | 13.02.1988 | 10.03.1989 |
| 23 | Shri Satyendra Narayan Sinha | Indian National Congress | 11.03.1989 | 06.12.1989 |
| 24 | Dr. Jagannath Mishra (3rd Term) | Indian National Congress | 06.12.1989 | 10.03.1990 |
| 25 | Shri Lalu Prasad Yadav | Janata Dal | 10.03.1990 | 28.03.1995 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 28.03.1995 | 04.04.1995 |
| 26 | Shri Lalu Prasad Yadav (2nd Term) | Janata Dal / Rashtriya Janata Dal | 04.04.1995 | 25.07.1997 |
| 27 | Smt. Rabri Devi | Rashtriya Janata Dal | 25.07.1997 | 11.02.1999 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 11.02.1999 | 09.03.1999 |
| 28 | Smt. Rabri Devi (2nd Term) | Rashtriya Janata Dal | 09.03.1999 | 02.03.2000 |
| 29 | Shri Nitish Kumar | Samata Party / Janata Dal (United) | 03.03.2000 | 10.03.2000 |
| 30 | Smt. Rabri Devi (3rd Term) | Rashtriya Janata Dal | 11.03.2000 | 06.03.2005 |
| – | President’s Rule | – | 07.03.2005 | 24.11.2005 |
| 31 | Shri Nitish Kumar (2nd Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 24.11.2005 | 24.11.2010 |
| 32 | Shri Nitish Kumar (3rd Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 26.11.2010 | 20.05.2014 |
| 33 | Shri Jitan Ram Manjhi | Janata Dal (United) | 20.05.2014 | 22.02.2015 |
| 34 | Shri Nitish Kumar (4th Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 22.02.2015 | 20.11.2015 |
| 35 | Shri Nitish Kumar (5th Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 20.11.2015 | 27.07.2017 |
| 36 | Shri Nitish Kumar (6th Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 27.07.2017 | 16.11.2020 |
| 37 | Shri Nitish Kumar (7th Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 16.11.2020 | 10.08.2022 |
| 38 | Shri Nitish Kumar (8th Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 10.08.2022 | 28.01.2024 |
| 39 | Shri Nitish Kumar (9th Term) | Janata Dal (United) | 28.01.2024 | Incumbent |
